Gut microbiota composition in Himalayan and Andean populations and its relationship with diet, lifestyle and adaptation to the high-altitude environment
Por:
Quagliariello A, Di Paola M, De Fanti S, Gnecchi-Ruscone GA, Martinez L, Pérez-Villaroya D, Sherpa MG, Sherpa PT, Marinelli G, Natali L, Di Marcello M, Peluzzi D, Di Cosimo P, D'Auria G, Pettener D, Sazzini M, Luiselli D and De Filippo C
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Ahead of Print:
25 nov 2019
Resumen:
Human populations living at high altitude evolved a number of biological adjustments to cope with a challenging environment characterised especially by reduced oxygen availability and limited nutritional resources. This condition may also affect their gut microbiota composition. Here, we explored the impact of exposure to such selective pressures on human gut microbiota, by considering different ethnic groups living at variable degrees of altitude: the high-altitude Sherpa and low-altitude Tamang populations from Nepal, the high-altitude Aymara population from Bolivia, as well as a low-altitude cohort of European ancestry used as control. We thus observed microbial profiles common to the Sherpa and Aymara, but absent in the low-altitude cohorts, which may contribute to the achievement of adaptation to high-altitude lifestyle and nutritional conditions. The collected evidences suggest that microbial signatures associated to these rural populations may enhance metabolic functions able to supply essential compounds useful for the host to cope with high altitude-related physiological changes and energy demand. Therefore, these results add another valuable piece of the puzzle to the understanding of the beneficial effects of symbiosis between microbes and their human host even from an evolutionary perspective.
Filiaciones:
Quagliariello A:
Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Di Paola M:
Dept. of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
De Fanti S:
Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Dept. of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
Gnecchi-Ruscone GA:
Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Dept. of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
Martinez L:
Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
Pérez-Villaroya D:
Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
Sherpa MG:
Mount Everest Summitter's Club, Rolwaling, Dolakha, Nepal
Sherpa PT:
Mount Everest Summitter's Club, Rolwaling, Dolakha, Nepal
Marinelli G:
Explora Nunaat International, Montorio al Vomano, Teramo, Italy
Natali L:
Explora Nunaat International, Montorio al Vomano, Teramo, Italy
Di Marcello M:
Explora Nunaat International, Montorio al Vomano, Teramo, Italy
Peluzzi D:
Explora Nunaat International, Montorio al Vomano, Teramo, Italy
Di Cosimo P:
Takesi Project, University of Bologna, Italy
:
Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Valencia, Spain
Pettener D:
Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Dept. of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
Sazzini M:
Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Dept. of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy,
Luiselli D:
Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Italy,
De Filippo C:
Institute of Biology and Agrarian Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy,
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