Mycobiome Profiles in Breast Milk from Healthy Women Depend on Mode of Delivery, Geographic Location, and Interaction with Bacteria


Por: Boix-Amorós A, Puente-Sánchez F, du Toit E, Linderborg KM, Zhang Y, Yang B, Salminen S, Isolauri E, Tamames J, Mira A and Collado MC

Publicada: 1 may 2019 Ahead of Print: 18 abr 2019
Resumen:
Recent studies report the presence of fungal species in breast milk of healthy mothers, suggesting a potential role in infant mycobiome development. In the present work, we aimed to determine whether the healthy human breast milk mycobiota is influenced by geographical location and mode of delivery, as well as to investigate its interaction with bacterial profiles in the same samples. A total of 80 mature breast milk samples from 4 different countries were analyzed by Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, joining the 18S and 5.8S regions of the fungal rRNA region. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were found to be the dominant phyla, with Malassezia and Davidiella being the most prevalent genera across countries. A core formed by Malassezia, Davidiella, Sistotrema, and Penicillium was shared in the milk samples from the different origins, although specific shifts in mycobiome composition were associated with geographic location and delivery mode. The presence of fungi in the breast milk samples was further confirmed by culture and isolate characterization, and fungal loads were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the fungal ITS1 region. Cooccurrence network analysis of bacteria and fungi showed complex interactions that were influenced by geographical location, mode of delivery, maternal age, and pregestational body mass index. The presence of a breast milk mycobiome was confirmed in all samples analyzed, regardless of the geographic origin. IMPORTANCE During recent years, human breast milk has been documented as a potential source of bacteria for the newborn. Recently, we have reported the presence of fungi in breast milk from healthy mothers. It is well known that environmental and perinatal factors can affect milk bacteria; however, the impact on milk fungi is still unknown. The current report describes fungal communities (mycobiota) in breast milk samples across different geographic locations and the influence of the mode of delivery. We also provide novel insights on bacterium-fungus interactions, taking into account environmental and perinatal factors. We identified a core of four genera shared across locations, consisting of Malassezia, Davidiella, Sistotrema, and Penicillium, which have been reported to be present in the infant gut. Our data confirm the presence of fungi in breast milk across continents and support the potential role of breast milk in the initial seeding of fungal species in the infant gut.

Filiaciones:
:
 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain

 Department of Health and Genomics. Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain

Puente-Sánchez F:
 Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

du Toit E:
 Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town. Cape Town, South Africa

Linderborg KM:
 Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Zhang Y:
 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China

Yang B:
 Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Salminen S:
 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Isolauri E:
 Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

Tamames J:
 Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

:
 Department of Health and Genomics. Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain.

Collado MC:
 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.

 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
ISSN: 10985336





APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Editorial
American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA, Estados Unidos America
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 85 Número: 9
Páginas:
WOS Id: 000464986200021
ID de PubMed: 30824446
imagen Green Published, Green Submitted, Bronze, Green

FULL TEXT

imagen Published Version

MÉTRICAS