Retrotransverse foramen of the atlas: prevalence and bony variations
Por:
Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Blanco-Perez E, Perez-Bermejo M, Llido S and Nalla S
Publicada:
1 jun 2018
Resumen:
To analyze the prevalence of the retrotransverse foramen (RTF) and its
bony variations.
One hundred ten atlases of living adult subjects, 161 twentieth century
dry adult cervical atlases and four dry adult cervical atlases from
medieval skeletons were studied to detect the RTF and its abnormal bony
variations. The 110 living adult subjects underwent a computed
tomography study to detect the RTF.
In the in vivo sample (n = 110; 100%), the RTF was found in four (3.6%)
atlases. It was bilateral in all cases, but three (2.7%) patients showed
complete RTF and the other patient presented a complete RTF in the left
transverse process and an unclosed RTF in the right transverse process.
In addition, the RTF was observed in combination with an unclosed
transverse foramen in two cases (1.8%). In the twentieth century
skeletal sample (n = 206; 100%) the RTF was found in 15 (7.3%) C1
vertebrae. It was bilateral in three (1.5%) vertebrae and unilateral in
another 12 (5.8%) vertebrae. In the medieval skeletal sample (n = 4;
100%) one cadaveric atlas (25%) presented a bilateral RTF with special
bony characteristics which presented an unexpected spicula in the left
RTF.
The RTF is a nonmetric variant of the atlas vertebra that can present
non-degenerative and non-traumatic spiculae or it can be unclosed. In
addition, it can be associated with the presence of unclosed transverse
foramina.
Filiaciones:
:
Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Anat & Human Embryol, Av Blasco Ibanez 15, Valencia 46010, Spain
Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
:
Univ Hosp La Ribera, Dept Radiol, Carretera Corbera Km 1, Valencia 46600, Spain
Department of Radiology, University Hospital de La Ribera, Carretera Corbera km 1, Alzira, 46600, Valencia, Spain
Perez-Bermejo M:
Univ San Vicente Martir, C Espartero 7, Valencia 46007, Spain
University San Vicente Martir, C/Espartero 7, 46007, Valencia, Spain
Llido S:
Univ Valencia, Fac Med, Dept Anat & Human Embryol, Av Blasco Ibanez 15, Valencia 46010, Spain
Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
Nalla S:
Univ Johannesburg, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Human Anat & Physiol, Johannesburg, South Africa
Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
|