Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women.
Por:
Munukka E, Ahtiainen JP, Puigbó P, Jalkanen S, Pahkala K, Keskitalo A, Kujala UM, Pietilä S, Hollmén M, Elo L, Huovinen P, D'Auria G and Pekkala S
Publicada:
3 oct 2018
Resumen:
Recent studies suggest that exercise alters the gut microbiome. We determined whether six-weeks endurance exercise, without changing diet, affected the gut metagenome and systemic metabolites of overweight women. Previously sedentary overweight women ( n = 19) underwent a six-weeks endurance exercise intervention, but two were excluded due to antibiotic therapy. The gut microbiota composition and functions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Body composition was analyzed with DXA X-ray densitometer and serum metabolomics with NMR metabolomics. Total energy and energy-yielding nutrient intakes were analyzed from food records using Micro-Nutrica software. Serum clinical variables were determined with KONELAB instrument. Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (VAP-1) was measured with ELISA and its' enzymatic activity as produced hydrogen peroxide. The exercise intervention was effective, as maximal power and maximum rate of oxygen consumption increased while android fat mass decreased. No changes in diet were observed. Metagenomic analysis revealed taxonomic shifts including an increase in Akkermansia and a decrease in Proteobacteria . These changes were independent of age, weight, fat % as well as energy and fiber intake. Training slightly increased Jaccard distance of genus level ß-diversity. Training did not alter the enriched metagenomic pathways, which, according to Bray Curtis dissimilarity analysis, may have been due to that only half of the subjects' microbiomes responded considerably to exercise. Nevertheless, tranining decreased the abundance of several genes including those related to fructose and amino acid metabolism. These metagenomic changes, however, were not translated into major systemic metabolic changes as only two metabolites, phospholipids and cholesterol in large VLDL particles, decreased after exercise. Training also decreased the amine oxidase activity of pro-inflammatory VAP-1, whereas no changes in CRP were detected. All clinical blood variables were within normal range, yet exercise slightly increased glucose and decreased LDL and HDL. In conclusion, exercise training modified the gut microbiome without greatly affecting systemic metabolites or body composition. Based on our data and existing literature, we propose that especially Akkermansia and Proteobacteria are exercise-responsive taxa. Our results warrant the need for further studies in larger cohorts to determine whether exercise types other than endurance exercise also modify the gut metagenome.
Filiaciones:
Munukka E:
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Ahtiainen JP:
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Puigbó P:
Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Jalkanen S:
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Pahkala K:
Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Health and Physical Activity, Paavo Nurmi Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Keskitalo A:
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Kujala UM:
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Pietilä S:
Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Hollmén M:
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Elo L:
Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Huovinen P:
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
:
Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
Pekkala S:
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Open Access
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