Origin of modern syphilis and emergence of a pandemic Treponema pallidum cluster
Por:
Arora N, Schuenemann VJ, Jäger G, Peltzer A, Seitz A, Herbig A, Strouhal M, Grillová L, Sánchez-Busó L, Kühnert D, Bos KI, Davis LR, Mikalová L, Bruisten S, Komericki P, French P, Grant PR, Pando MA, Vaulet LG, Fermepin MR, Martinez A, Centurion Lara A, Giacani L, Norris SJ, Šmajs D, Bosshard PP, González-Candelas F, Nieselt K, Krause J and Bagheri HC
Publicada:
1 ene 2017
Resumen:
The abrupt onslaught of the syphilis pandemic that started in the late fifteenth century established this devastating infectious disease as one of the most feared in human history(1). Surprisingly, despite the availability of effective antibiotic treatment since the mid-twentieth century, this bacterial infection, which is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), has been re-emerging globally in the last few decades with an estimated 10.6 million cases in 2008 (ref. 2). Although resistance to penicillin has not yet been identified, an increasing number of strains fail to respond to the second-line antibiotic azithromycin(3). Little is known about the genetic patterns in current infections or the evolutionary origins of the disease due to the low quantities of treponemal DNA in clinical samples and difficulties in cultivating the pathogen(4). Here, we used DNA capture and whole-genome sequencing to successfully interrogate genome-wide variation from syphilis patient specimens, combined with laboratory samples of TPA and two other subspecies. Phylogenetic comparisons based on the sequenced genomes indicate that the TPA strains examined share a common ancestor after the fifteenth century, within the early modern era. Moreover, most contemporary strains are azithromycin-resistant and are members of a globally dominant cluster, named here as SS14-Omega. The cluster diversified from a common ancestor in the mid-twentieth century subsequent to the discovery of antibiotics. Its recent phylogenetic divergence and global presence point to the emergence of a pandemic strain cluster.
Filiaciones:
Arora N:
Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Schuenemann VJ:
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Jäger G:
Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Peltzer A:
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Seitz A:
Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Herbig A:
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Strouhal M:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Grillová L:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
:
Unidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública FISABIO/Universidad de Valencia
CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, 46020, Spain
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
Kühnert D:
Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Bos KI:
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Davis LR:
Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Mikalová L:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Bruisten S:
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Laboratory, GGD Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Komericki P:
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
French P:
The Mortimer Market Centre CNWL, Camden Provider Services, London NW1 2PL, UK
Grant PR:
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 4EU, UK
Pando MA:
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Vaulet LG:
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Microbiología Clínica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Fermepin MR:
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Microbiología Clínica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Martinez A:
Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
Centurion Lara A:
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
Giacani L:
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
Norris SJ:
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
Šmajs D:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Bosshard PP:
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
:
Unidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública FISABIO/Universidad de Valencia
CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, 46020, Spain
Nieselt K:
Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Krause J:
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Bagheri HC:
Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Green Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted
|