Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: Levels and associated factors
Por:
Lozano M, Murcia M, Soler-Blasco R, Casas M, Zubero B, Riutort-Mayol G, Gil F, Olmedo P, Grimalt JO, Amorós R, Lertxundi A, Vrijheid M, Ballester F and Llop S
Publicada:
1 ene 2022
Ahead of Print:
1 ago 2021
Resumen:
Background: Humans are regularly exposed to metals and metalloids present in air, water, food, soil and domestic materials. Most of them can cross the placental barrier and cause adverse impacts on the developing foetus. Objectives: To describe the prenatal concentrations of metals and metalloids and to study the associated sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors in pregnant Spanish women. Methods: Subjects were 1346 pregnant women of the INMA Project, for whom the following metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) were determined in urine, at both the first and the third trimesters of gestation. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy. Multiple linear mixed models were built in order to study the association between each metal and metalloid concentrations and the sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors. Results: The most detected compounds were As, Co, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn at both trimesters. Zn was the element found in the highest concentrations at both trimesters and Tl was detected in the lowest concentrations. We observed significant associations between As, Cd, Cu, Sb, Tl and Zn concentrations and working situation, social class and age. Seafood, meat, fruits, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake affected the levels of all the metals but Cd and Cu. Proximity to industrial areas, fields and air pollution were related to all metals except Cd, Sb and Se. Conclusions: This is the first large prospective longitudinal study on the exposure to metals and metalloids during pregnancy and associated factors to include several cohorts in Spain. The present study shows that some modifiable lifestyles, food intakes and environmental factors could be associated with prenatal exposure to metal (loid)s, which may be considered in further studies to assess their relationship with neonatal health outcomes.
Filiaciones:
:
Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
:
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
Servicio de Análisis de Sistemas de Información Sanitaria, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
:
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Casas M:
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Zubero B:
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
Riutort-Mayol G:
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Spain
Gil F:
Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
Olmedo P:
Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
Grimalt JO:
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
:
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Lertxundi A:
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
Vrijheid M:
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
:
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
:
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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